Resistance of Bacillus subtilis Spores to Inactivation by Gamma Irradiation and Heating in the Presence of a Bactericide: II. Factors Affecting Rates of Inactivation by Phenolic Bactericides

Aqueous suspensions of Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8236 spores, surviving 150,000 or 300,000 rad of gamma irradiation under air from a cesium-137 source, exhibited an enhanced rate of inactivation, compared to nonirradiated spores, when heated with different phenolic bactericides. The apparent magnitude of the enhanced inactivation rate, observed from survival curves, increased progressively with the irradiation dose applied and diminished progressively as the severity of heat treatment with 0.2% chlorocresol was increased either by raising the temperature from 70 to 90 C or reducing the pH from 8 to 6. The enhanced inactivation rate was unaffected when the concentration of sodium chloride added to 0.2% chlorocresol was altered from 0.4 to 0.8%. The enhancement effect was also observed when the heat treatment was carried out with 0.5% phenol and 0.3% m-cresol.     

Allgemeine Chemie der Enzyme. II. Die chemische Dynamik der Enzymreaktionen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Dorsoventral asymmetry in the visual field of the bee,Apis mellifica

Journal of Comparative Physiology A -     

Über die Umkehrung der Polarität in den Sporenkeimlingen einiger Laubmoose

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 3 Textabbildungen.     

Advantages of arthroscopy of the knee joint]

Arthroscopic surgery causes considerably less soft tissue damage than conventional surgery. As the result of the development of an optical system employed with a chip camera and a video chain arthroscopic knee surgery can be ideally documented with excellent picture quality. Besides the advantage of soft-tissue sparing procedures, diagnosis is substantially improved and operative procedures can be kept to a minimum. This means, in particular in the case of meniscus procedures, that only the damaged areas are removed, this minimising changes to the biomechanics of the knee. The technical equipment, the arthroscopic surgery technic and the advantages of the knee arthroscopy are discussed.